Saturday, July 30, 2011

Where's that confounded bridge!

At the theoretical level, song hooks are imbued with clever twists like harmonic modulations, chord 'borrowing' and turnarounds. Now these devices have devolved from the songwriter's toolkit in much the same way Cole Porter Moon-June rhyming schemes became obsolete by the 1960s in favor of new compositional devices that made them frumpy and old hat. The classic bridge is now in this category. Nonetheless I still love to put them in songs.

Bridges (sometimes used synonymously with middle-eight) are difficult to do well because not any musical transition can qualify as a bridge device. They typically appear only once in a composition: If a section is repeated, it technically is not a bridge. Some regard the "life is very short..." phrase in the Beatles' "We Can Work It Out" or the "why she had to go..." phrase in "Yesterday" as bridges, but since they are repeated more than once, they only lead back to verses. Bridges are a kind of one-way trip to the end of the song. (In films it is called the denouement)

Here are some examples. The list was actually longer than this, but as I re-listened to the songs, many of what I thought were bridges were really just transitional material, or B-phrases.

Clocks - Coldplay (Verse is in Eb Mixolydian and the bridge logically borrows from Eb Dorian (III, VII, IV)
Veronica - Elvis Costello ("On the Empress of India..." section)
King For a Day - XTC ("You're only here once so you gotta get it right..." section)
Don't Dream It's Over - Crowded House (Finn's guitar solo)
Chocolate Cake - Crowded House ("And the dogs are on the road, we're all tempting fate...)
Englishman In New York - Sting ("Modesty, propriety, leads to notoriety...") In this live version, the bridge truly leads to somewhere else except back to a verse)
It's Alright For You - The Police (This actually has one long bridge with a little step in front of it: an abrupt modulation at 1:24 leading to a call-response solo by Andy Summers followed by a slide solo. The small step then becomes the outro vamp.)
No Reply - The Beatles ("If I were you I realized that I...")
Psycho Killer - Talking Heads ("Ce que j'ai fais, ce soir la...")
Dock of the Bay - Otis Redding (Looks like nothing's going to change...)
I Can See Clearly Now -Johnny Nash (Look all around there's nothing blue sky...)

Feel free to send in your bridge examples.

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